Corning's Earnings Rise On Fiber Optics, Gorilla Glass, CPM

Corning announced its first quarter 2015 results on Tuesday, April 28. The company’s GAAP revenues declined 1% due to currency-related headwinds. However, its core sales improved 4%, to reach $2.43 billion, driven by growth at its Optical Communications and Specialty Materials segments. Corning GLW -1.12%‘s Display Technologies and Environmental Technologies segments were also in the positive. Its Life Sciences segment reported a decline in core sales as a result of foreign exchange headwinds.

Corning’s core earnings increased 14%, to $484 million, driving a 21% increase in core earnings per share, to reach $0.35. The market was expecting earnings per share of $0.34. Despite the earnings beat, Corning’s stock declined 1.4% through the day, as investors did not welcome the prospects of lower revenue growth in the future due to currency headwinds.

See our complete analysis of Corning here

The growing video content on websites and increased usage of cloud-based services has been driving internet traffic. The proliferation of smartphones and tablets has also added to the internet traffic by enabling easy access. In order to cater to the increased traffic, service providers have been forced to upgrade their networks from copper wire to optical fiber-based networks. This helped drive Optical Communications’ first quarter revenue by 18%, to reach $697 million. The segment’s net income and revenue also benefited from the integration of TR Manufacturing, a provider of fiber-optic and copper cable interconnects and electro-mechanical assemblies to original equipment manufacturers, which Corning had acquired earlier in January.

Going forward, we expect to see continued growth in Corning’s Optical Communications segment driven by the consolidation of TR Manufacturing and Samsung Electronics ‘ fiber optics business. Corning acquired Samsung Electronics’ fiber optics business on March 31. The acquisition led to the integration of Samsung’s fiber optic manufacturing facilities in South Korea and China into Corning’s Optical Communications division. The segment will also benefit from growth in internet traffic, which should drive demand for optical fiber. Cisco forecasts that the global network traffic will grow at an average rate of 23% every year through 2018.

Corning’s Gorilla Glass volumes were up 20% in the first quarter. We believe that the demand for Corning’s latest version of cover glass, Gorilla Glass 4, helped drive the growth in volumes. Most recently, Gorilla Glass 4 was featured on the Samsung Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge, which were launched on April 10. Samsung placed orders for 13 million units of the smartphones, which must have had a significant impact on Gorilla Glass 4 volumes, particularly because Gorilla Glass 4 has been used on both sides of the S6 and S6 Edge. We expect to see the same trend drive growth in the next quarter.

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Introduction to 100BASE-T: Fast Ethernet

100BASE-T is a good way to improve network performance by allowing the customer to deploy Fast Ethernet over the existing network infrastructure. By providing speed of 100 Mb/s—10 times the speed of Ethernet transmission over CAT5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper cabling, it’s one of the most affordable and widely installed cabling infrastructures in networking systems. This article places focus on introducing Fast Ethernet (100BASE-T) basic information.

Fast Ethernet is an extension to the IEEE802.3 Ethernet standard to support service at 100 Mbps. It is virtually identical to 10BASE-T, in that it uses the same media access control (MAC) layer, frame format, and carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) protocol. This means that network managers can use 100BASE-T to improve bandwidth and still make maximum use of investments in equipment, management tools, applications, and network support personnel. The 100BASE-T standard (IEEE802.3u, 1995) currently defines several physical layer signaling systems: 100BASE-TX, ,100BASE-T4 and 100Base-FX, among which 1000BASE-TX standard has risen far above the other two standards as the most popular Fast Ethernet implementation.

100BASE-TX operates over two pairs of Category 5 UTP, and uses Category 5 certified RJ-45 connectors. One pair is used for transmit and the other for receive. 100BASE-TX utilizes 3-level MLT (Multi-Level Transmit) signaling. With this coding system, each transmitted symbol represents one of three different levels (-1, 0, +1).

 

In its typical configuration, 100BASE-TX uses one pair of twisted wires in each direction, providing 100 Mbit/s of throughput in each direction (full-duplex). The configuration of 100BASE-TX networks is very similar to 10BASE-T. When used to build a local area network, the devices on the network (computers, printers etc.) are typically connected to a hub or switch, creating a star network. Alternatively, it is possible to connect two devices directly using a crossover cable.

100BASE-T4 requires four twisted copper pairs, but those pairs were only required to be category 3 rather than the category 5 required by TX. One pair is reserved for transmit (TX), one for receive (RX), and the remaining two will switch direction as negotiated. This means 3 pairs are used to transmit in each direction, which makes 100BASE-T4 inherently half-duplex. Unlike 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4 does not support full-duplex operation.

100BASE-FX is a version of Fast Ethernet over optical fiber. It uses a 1300nm near-infrared (NIR) light wavelength to transmit signal via two strands of optical fiber, one for receive and the other for transmit. It supports both half-duplex and full-duplex operation, 412 metres (1,350 ft) for half-duplex connections, and 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) for full-duplex connections over multi-mode fibers (MMF). Products for 100BASE-FX are available from a wide range of manufactures. For example, Fiberstore compatible Cisco GLC-GE-100FX and GLC-FE-100FX transceivers are fully compatible with Cisco devices. Besides, both the Cisco GLC-GE-100FX and GLC-FE-100FX support dual data-rate of 155Mbps and 2km transmission distance with MMF.

Auto-Negotiation provides automatic link testing and configuration for UTP signaling systems. All 100BASE-T systems using UTP go through Auto-Negotiation before establishing a link. During this link, here goes the processes:

• Check the link
• Exchange coded information defining the abilities of each link partner
• Go to an internal lookup table to determine the most common operation mode.
• Configure themselves as per the table.
• Turn off Auto-Negotiation.
• Open the link

By building networks with 100BASE-T for Fast Ethernet, the dedicated 100M-bps service can be shared by users. Fiberstore supplies 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet solutions, like the Cisco GLC-GE-100FX and GLC-FE-100FX transceivers mentioned above. Besides, Fiberstore also offers 10BASE Gigabit transmission products which are completely compatible with major brands, such as compatible HP J9150A. This compatible HP J9150A module provides the same functions as HP module. For more information about 100BASE-T and 10BASE-X solutions, you can visit Fiberstore.

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HP Inc. Takes Innovation Risks With New Line Of Commercial PCs

In the PC and mobile world, with new processor launches come refreshed product lines. HP Inc’s latest commercial offerings are no different as they’ve introduced the latest and greatest technologies into their new commercial laptops, SFF (small form factor) PCs and room computing solutions, including their AIOs (All-in-one). As Hewlett-Packard has split in two, the HP Inc. is looking for new ways to create products that their commercial customers desire, and even more importantly, need. Their consumer business has successfully done this with their latest premium consumer notebooks and I’m optimistic on their commercial line, too.

HP Inc’s announcement includes introductions into their EliteBook series as well as their EliteDesk and EliteOne product lines. HP Inc’s newly designed EliteBook 705 G3 series is offered initially with Advanced Micro Device’s new AMD PRO A12 APUs with 12.5”, 14” and 15.6” displays in a multitude of resolutions. The lightest version will be 2.78 lbs and as thin as 18.9mm, which makes it a fairly attractive notebook that sells for $749 and up. HP Inc. says these are the world’s thinnest and lightest mainstream business-class notebooks and by the looks of it, they are lighter and thinner than Dell’s Vostro line and Lenovo’s ThinkPads. This new design ID helps bring HP and Advanced Micro Devices together in an attractive and lightweight package that also has good performance and is affordable for broad deployment. It’s been a long time since Advanced Micro Devices APUs were launched before Intel’s new crop of designs.

These new product announcements from HP Inc. mark a strong move by HP Inc. to introduce more Advanced Micro Devices-based products into their commercial product lines. It also shows that Advanced Micro Devices is delivering on their promises of getting more commercial PC design wins. AMD’s Elite One, for example, comes in two different flavors, the EliteOne 705 G2 and the EliteOne 800 G2. The 705 comes in an AMD flavor at $849 while the Intel-based 800 series starts at $1,199, meaning that the 705 allows for commercial clients to squeeze in more upgrades or simply spend less for a comparable experience. The overall investment in AMD technologies looks big and is a big win for AMD with the new.

HP Inc. has put greater focus on future technologies with all of these new systems, which includes the optional ability for wireless charging in both flavors of the new EliteOne all-in-one systems. While wireless charging isn’t necessarily something new, HP Inc. demonstrates it understands the future of work and the importance of wireless charging being a huge focus in the future. This is why they are supporting all three wireless charging standards rather than just the Qi standard. I really wish more phones supported wireless charging, but I suspect that this is more of a chicken and egg problem, if there’s nowhere to really charge then having the feature included on phones isn’t really a priority. Hopefully HP Inc. will be one of the visionary companies to help push the enterprise into a truly wireless mobile future.

In addition to the new EliteBook Notebooks and EliteOne all-in-one systems, HP Inc. is also launching new small form factor (SFF) systems that are both Intel and AMD-based and refreshed with the latest Intel processors and Advanced Micro Devices APUs. In fact, both the HP Inc. EliteDesk systems, the EliteDesk 800 G2 and the EliteDesk 705 G2 deliver Intel and AMD’s 6th generation of processors, be that Skylake from Intel or "Godavari” from AMD. This means that all of the systems HP Inc. is offering up are absolutely the latest and greatest from both companies and are extremely geared towards Windows 10 and security. HP Inc. also says their EliteDesk 700 and 800 G2 series PCs to be the world’s smallest business-class desktops at only 5.9x7x1.3” in size. This appears true, given Dell’s Optiplex Micro is 7x7x1.4” in size and Lenovo’s ThinkCentre Tiny Desktop is also 7x7x1.3”. HP Inc’s ability to continue to shrink the footprint of these small form factor (SFF) PCs means that the company is continually looking to improve the places where these machines can be used and responding to customer feedback to create smaller machines. It’s just the way the market is headed for mainstream PC computing.

But HP Inc. didn’t stop with traditional desktop and notebook systems, they are also taking a serious look at collaboration and updating their HP Inc. Collaboration PC with the G2, which leverages the EliteDesk 800 Mini Desktop with HP Inc’s exclusive partnership with Intel that utilizes Intel’s Unite Skype for Business plug-in, which I had a chance to test, that is designed to allow for seamless video conferencing via Skype. All of this hardware and software is paired with HP Inc’s EliteDisplay E240c video conferencing monitor, which is designed to turn the computer and the whole room into a conference room ready for collaboration with a built-in webcam and thin design. The E240c is a 23.8” monitor, so it won’t by any means be for a huge conference room, but could easily serve as a great way to easily conference a remote person into a conference room.

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Fiber Optic Transceivers – How to Classify Them?

Fiber optic transceivers serve as an optical module to facilitate photoelectric conversion where the transmitter end takes in and converts the electrical signal into light signal. They are classified into different categories based on different standards, such as the optic mode, the network management, and the power supply. The following passages discuss these standards in details.

In relation to this standard, fiber optic transceivers are available in single-mode transceivers and multi-mode transceivers

Single-mode Transceivers

Single-mode transceivers operate over single-mode fibers (SMF). And SMF has a higher tolerance for the optic used than multi-mode fibers (MMF). The fiber core is smaller and the wavelength of the laser is narrower. This means that SMF has the capacity to accommodate higher bandwidth at the much longer distance in the transmission of the optical signals. Single-mode transceivers work mainly in 1310mn and 1550mn wavelength and are mostly used in long distance transmission environment, reaching 2 km, 10 km, 40 km, 60 km, 80 km and 120 km. 10GBASE-LR just belong to this single-mode transceiver interface type. For example, Fiberstore compatible JD094B, fully compatible with HP devices, works in 1310mn with the longest data transfer distance up to 10km.

Multi-mode Transceivers

Multi-mode transceivers work over MMF. MMF uses a much bigger core and usually uses a longer wavelength of light. Because of this, the optics used in MMF have a higher capability to gather light from the laser. In practical terms, this means the optics are cheaper. The common multi-mode SFPs work in 850nm wavelength and are only used for short distance transmission, reaching from 100 m to 500 m. 10GBASE-SR is one of the most commonly used interface types for multi-mode transceivers, like Cisco SFP-10G-SR. Fiberstore compatible Cisco SFP-10G-SR uses a 85Onm FP laser with 300m link length.

When classify fiber optic transceivers by this standard, two prominent types occur: managed optic transceivers and unmanaged optic transceivers. The former is more expensive than the latter, but this form of transceiver offers additional network monitoring with fault detection and remote configuration functionality. As for the unmanaged optic transceiver, although this kind of transceiver doesn't provide the monitoring function as the former, it allows the devices that are connected to unmanaged optical transceivers to communicate automatically.

This classification leads to two types: built-in switching power transceiver and eternal power supply transceiver. The built-in switching power transceiver is designed for the carrier grade power. It supports equipment power protection, filters, and a wide power supply voltage regulator, reducing the external point of failure arising from the mechanical contact. By contrast,the external power supply transceiver is made for multi-use civilian equipment, and it is compact and cheap.

Actually, the standards used to define fiber optic transceivers are not definitely limited to what have been talked above. Other standards can also be based upon, like the work rate, and connector type. Fiberstore provides fiber optic transceivers which are 100% compatible with such major brands as Cisco (eg.Cisco SFP-10G-SR), HP (eg. JD094B), NETGEAR (eg. NETGEAR AGM731F). Additionally, fiber optic transceivers can also be customized to meet your needs. For more information about fiber optic transceivers, you can visit Fiberstore.

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Juniper Earnings Preview: Better Demand, New Products To Drive Sales

Juniper is scheduled to report its third quarter earnings on Thursday, October 22. Despite the headwinds it has been facing, Juniper was able to reduce the magnitude of revenue declines for its three struggling divisions – routing, switching and security – in the second quarter of the year, thanks to an improvement in demand, better product performance and the recognition of deferred revenues. In the third quarter, we expect the company’s performance to see a further improvement, driven by an increase in capital spending by carriers and a larger contribution from new products. In fact, Juniper has mentioned recently that it expects routing and switching sales to rebound in the second half of 2015.

In the first half of 2014, Juniper’s routing sales saw high-single digit growth over the prior year period, driven by consistent capital spending by carriers due to the proliferation of mobile devices and high-quality video content on the web. However, the segment has since struggled due to sluggish demand from U.S. carriers in the core and edge router markets. Nevertheless, the capital spending environment began to improve in the second quarter and is expected to get better in the second half of the year, which bodes well for Juniper. Additionally, a realigned switching strategy, strong performance from new products and a strong software defined networking platform are likely to drive switching sales in the third quarter.

Our $28 price estimate for Juniper is slightly below the current market price.

Improved Demand To Drive Results

For a while now, Juniper has been optimistic that U.S. service provider demand will improve notably during the second half of 2015. There was some improvement in carriers’ spending in the second quarter, which helped the company bring down the intensity of its revenue decline across segments. During the recently concluded third quarter, demand likely improved further as carriers increased spending to put their newly licensed wireless spectrum to use.

The Federal Communications Commission auctioned about 1,600 licenses as part of its AWS-3 auction in January this year, which generated a record breaking $41.3 billion in revenue for the U.S. government. Verizon and AT&T, Juniper’s major clients, emerged as the top players in the auction, with about 70% of the winning bids between the two. For the third quarter, both Verizon and AT&T are likely to have seen healthy capital spending, which would benefit Juniper’s financials.

Juniper also expects to see a rise in demand from international enterprise customers looking to build and expand their networks. In addition, cloud and cable customers are also likely to contribute to the increase in demand for network equipment. Though these factors are likely to be more significant in the long run, they should have had a marginal impact on the demand in Q3 as well.

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The Most Suitable Solution for Fiber Optic Networks

Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds, and they have a large carrying capacity or bandwidth. Fiber patch cords can be the most suitable solution nowadays for such requirements because of their reliable data transmission and increased bandwidth.

A fiber optic patch cable, often called fiber optic patch cord or fiber jumper cable, is a fiber optic cable made of pure glass as thin as hair and capped at either end with connectors. Different fiber patch cables include their respective connectors. FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, MU, SMA, FDDI, E2000, DIN4, and D4 types are all available, among which ST and LC connectors are often used in cable configurations, such as ST-LC fiber jumper. Besides, MPO connectors are also popular among users. In multi-fiber connection system, MPO patch cords play an important part, as they are both space- and money-saving, while improving scalability.

Common fiber patch cables can be found in simplex and duplex, multi-mode and single-mode with ST-ST, ST-SC, SC-SC connectors. The two prominent types are single-mode fiber (SMF) and multi-modefibers (MMF) patch cables.

Fiber optic patch cables are often utilized in communication rooms, FTTH (Fiber to The Home), LAN (Local Area Network), data processing networks, premise installations, etc. They've revolutionized the entire network industry of telephones, cables, Internet, audio applications, etc. The fiber patch cables offer accurate signal transfer that is totally distortion free.

Compared with the conventional twisted-pair cables, fiber optic patch cords permit higher-speed data transmission and greater bandwidth. For long-distance communications, fiber optic cable is especially advantageous such applications as the light propagates through the fiber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables. Each fiber can carry many independent channels, each using a different wavelength of light called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).

For short distance application, such as a network in an office building, fiber-optic cabling can save space in cable ducts. This is because a single fiber can carry much more data than electrical cable. Fiber patch cord is also immune to electrical interference as there is no cross-talk between signals in different cables and no pickup of environmental noise. The non-armored fiber cables do not conduct electricity, which makes fiber patch cable a good solution for protecting communications equipment in high voltage environments, such as power generation facilities, or metal communication structures prone to lighting strikes. They can also be used in environments where explosive fumes are present, without danger of ignition.

When installing fiber patch cables, attention must be paid to ensure that cable is not bent, stretched or deformed. Once the fiber core breaks and becomes faulty, or the fiber optic core is deformed or damaged, signal distortion will occur, In such cases, intermittent signal faults are potential. Thus, it requirement great care to install fiber patch cables.

Notice that fiber patch cords are utilized with SFP transceiver modules of different kinds for different Gigabit transmission speed. Take 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) applications for example, SFP-10G-SR is the most widely-used with MMF to for duplex optical data communications.

Fiber optic patch cables play a really important part in telecommunications for making transmission faster and more accurate. Fiberstore fiber optic patch cables suit for all standard fiber optic equipment. Besides SMF, MMF, MPO patch cords, other special patch cables are also available in Fiberstore. For more information about fiber optic patch cables and related SFP transceivers (SFP-10G-SR included), please visit Fiberstore.

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Corning Earnings: Optical Communications Offsets Declines Across Other Segments

Corning announced its second quarter results on July 28, reporting a 5.6% decline in sales as a result of foreign currency headwinds. However, its core sales – which exclude the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations and other charges – were flat, as sales across all segments but Optical Communications declined. The Optical Communications segment has been growing at a rapid pace due to the growth in demand for fiber optics by data centers and fiber-to-the-home networks. We expect to see the same trends continue into the next quarter as well.

Corning GLW -1.17% reported core sales of $2.52 billion, missing market estimates by $20 million. However, the company managed to exceed earnings per share estimates by $0.01, reaching $0.38, thanks to its share buyback. In the third quarter, Corning bought back $616 million of common stock. The company has now announced a new $2 billion share repurchase program.

See our complete analysis of Corning here.

The growing video content on websites and increased usage of cloud-based services has been driving internet traffic. The proliferation of smartphones and tablets has also added to the internet traffic by enabling easy access. In order to cater to the increased traffic, service providers have been forced to upgrade their networks from copper wire to optical fiber-based networks. Consumers are also moving to fiber networks due to the higher speeds. This helped drive Optical Communications’ second quarter core sales, which grew 16.6% to reach $800 million.

Demand from hyperscale data centers also helped drive growth at the segment. Hyperscale data centers have been growing rapidly due to their ability to serve high computing demands without having to increase resources. Since fiber optics are an essential part of their infrastructure, growth in hyperscale data centers is also driving Corning’s Optical Communications sales.

Sales of fiber optic cable will likely see strong demand in the future as internet traffic continues to rise. Cisco forecasts that the global network traffic will grow at an average rate of 23% every year through 2018. We also expect to see growth in Corning’s Optical Communications segment in the second half of the year, driven by the consolidation of TR Manufacturing and Samsung Electronics fiber optics business. Corning acquired TR Manufacturing in January. TR Manufacturing is a provider of fiber-optic and copper cable interconnects and electro-mechanical assemblies to original equipment manufacturers. Corning acquired Samsung Electronics’ fiber optics business on March 31. The acquisition led to the integration of Samsung’s fiber optic manufacturing facilities in South Korea and China into Corning’s Optical Communications division.

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How to Select the Correct Transceivers?

Owing to the rapid progress made in optical technologies, the high-speed and high-performance data transmission in telecommunication applications has been made possible with the deployment of fiber optical products. Transceivers, as one of the key components required for such network performance, have been constantly designed, and finally been reinvented as hot-pluggable to meet the demands of higher density and flexibility.

A transceiver, as the name refers, is a combination of a transmitter and a receiver in a single package, while they function independently for bidirectional communication. A transceiver basically converts incoming optical signal to electrical and outgoing electrical signal to optical. There is an ocean of hot-pluggable transceivers out there in telecommunication market, causing the confusion about how to select the correct transceivers for your networking transmission. In this blog, I will illustrate different aspects of transceivers that need to be known before purchasing a transceiver.

Multi-source agreements (MSAs) between different equipment vendors specify guidelines for electrical and optical interfaces, mechanical dimensions and electro-magnetic specification of a transceiver. The equipment vendors follow these MSA defined values for designing their systems to ensure interoperability between interface modules. The form-factor or the MSA-type is needed so that the transceiver can mechanically and electrically fit into a given switch, router, etc. Transceiver MSAs define mechanical form factors including electric interface as well as power consumption and cable connector types. There are various MSA types: SFP, SFP+, XFP, CFP, CFP2, CFP4, QSFP and so on.

Transmission media can be single-mode fiber (SMF), multi-mode fiber(MMF) and also copper. The single-mode fiber based standard transceivers can have a transmission distance of 5km to 120km, thanks to single-mode fiber’s lower attenuation. While the multi-mode transceivers are defined from 150m to 5km. For instance, 1000BASE-LX is a single-mode transceiver standard. Fiberstore compatible Cisco GLC-LH-SMD (Left in the image below)) is such a kind with the distance up to 10km over SMF. Besides, the GLC-LH-SMD price listed on Fiberstore is really cost-effective and it is worth your try. And 10GBASE-LRM SFP is a kind of multi-mode transceiver. Fiberstore compatible Cisco SFP-10G-LRM (Right in the image below) reaches the maximum link length of 220m over MMF. The difference in transmission distance also arises from different transmitter power, receiver sensitivity and the wavelength in operation.

The transceivers functioning in wide 1310nm and 1550nm are called "grey”, while those functioning in one of the grids falling in CWDM or DWDM grid are called "colored”. The transceivers can also be simplex or bi-di which transmits and receives the data in a single fiber but different wavelengths. The duplex, on the other hand, works with dual fiber.

There are four basic types of internal construction, but you have to choose the one that suits the best for your applications. One of the most popular types is the distribution or tight pack. The second type of construction is the breakout or fanout design. This design gives each buffered fiber its own individual jacket and is a more durable design. The zip cord or assembly is another type of internal construction that is offered to the designers. This is one of the preferred internal construction options. In this construction, one or two buffered fibers in individual jackets should be considered.

Selecting the best type of transceiver for the switch and network is not always easy, but knowing above discussed parameters beforehand helps you narrow it down to a couple of transceivers. Fiberstore, a leading optical product manufacturer, supplies a series of SFP transceivers, available in single-mode, multi-mode, and copper standard, such as GLC-LH-SM, Cisco GLC-SX-MM, SFP-GE-T, etc. (GLC-LH-SMD, Cisco SFP-10G-LRM mentioned above also included). You can visit Fiberstore for more information SFP transceivers.

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Introduction to NETGEAR Compatible 1000BASE-SX Transceiver Modules

NETGEAR compatible 1000BASE-SX transceiver modules provide you with a highly adaptable network. They are RoHS compliant and designed for multi-mode fibers (MMF). The widely used NETGEAR compatible 1000Base-SX transceiver modules are NETGEAR AGM721F and NETGEAR AGM731F. This article will mainly introduce these two types of NETGEAR compatible 1000BASE-SX transceiver modules.

Overview

This hot-pluggable NETGEAR compatible GBIC transceiver operates at the wavelength of 850nm and is designed for MMF. It is compliant with GBIC interface converters specification Rev. 5.5 as well as Gigabit Ethernet standard as specified in IEEE 802.3z. This optical transceiver consists of three sections: the transmitter section which incorporates a VCSEL laser, the receiver section that uses an InGaAs detector preamplifier (IDP) mounted in an optical header, and a limited post-amplifier IC section. The optical output can be disabled by a TTL logic high-level input of Tx Disable. Tx Fault is provided to indicate degradation of the laser. Loss of signal (LOS) output is provided to indicate the loss of an input optical signal of the receiver.

Applications

• Fiber Channel links
• WDM Gigabit Ethernet Links
• SONET/SDH equipment interconnect

Technical SpecificationsThe table below shows the technical specifications of NETGEAR AGM 721F. Overview

This 1000Base-SX SFP transceiver is also designed for MMF, and operates at a nominal wavelength of 850nm. It is hot pluggable 3.3V small-form-factor transceiver module designed expressly for high-speed communication applications that require rates of up to 1.25Gbit/sec. The post-amplifier of the transceiver also includes a LOS circuit that provides a TTL logic-high output when an unusable optical signal level is detected.

This transceiver (NETGEAR AGM731F) is compliant with the Gigabit Ethernet standards, as well as the SFP Multi-source Agreement (MSA). It provides with the LC receptacle that is compatible with the industry standard LC connector. The transceiver is also compatible with industry standard RFT connector and cage. This kind of transceiver is a Class 1 eye safety product. The optical power levels, under normal operation, are at eye safe level.

Key Features

• Operating data rate up to 1.25 Gbps
• +3.3V single power supply
• Hot-pluggable SFP footprint duplex LC connector Interface
• Data Link up to 550m in 50/125µm Multi Mode Fiber
• Data Link up to 275m in 62.5/125µm Multi Mode Fiber
• Compliant with the 1.0625GBd Fibre Channel 100-SM-LC-L FC-PI Rev.13

Applications

• Gigabit Ethernet
• Fibre Channel
• Switch to Switch interface
• Switched backplane applications
• File server interface

Fiberstore designs, develops, manufactures and markets a diverse portfolio of high-performance, cost- competitive products for all fiber optic communication applications. The company supplies a series of compatible NETGEAR 1000BASE SFP modules. Besides NETGEAR compatible 1000BASE-SX SFPs (NETGEAR AGM731F), available compatible NETGEAR 1000BASE SFP modules also include NETGEAR compatible 1000BASE-LX SFPs (NETGEAR AGM732F) and NETGEAR compatible 1000BASE-ZX SFPs (AGM733), an so on. You can visit Fiberstore for more information about compatible NETGEAR SFP modules.

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Single-mode SFP Transceiver vs. Multi-mode SFP Transceiver

Last publication just touched on single-mode and multi-mode fibers and their related SFP transceivers, respectively. Here, SFP transceivers can be classified into single-mode SFP and multi-mode SFP according to the types of optical fibers on which SFP transceivers work. For example, single-mode SFP works over single-mode fiber (SMF) cables, and multi-mode SFP works over multi-mode fiber (MMF) cables.

So, what's the difference between single-mode and multi-mode SFP? Do you understand? Today, this article will focus on this topic.

SMF has much tighter tolerances for optics used. The core is smaller and the laser wavelength is narrower. This means that SMF has the capability for higher bandwidth and much longer distances in transmission. The bale clasp of single-mode SFPs is usually designed in blue, yellow or purple. And the color of compatible fiber optic patch cord is yellow. Single-mode SFPs work mainly in 1310nm and 1550nm wavelength and are mostly used in long distance transmission environment, reaching 2 km, 10 km, 40 km, 60 km, 80 km and 120 km. The following table shows single-mode SFP/fiber type compatibility matrix types.

MMF uses a much bigger core and usually uses a longer wavelength of light. Because of this, the optics used in MMF have a higher capability to gather light from the laser. In practical terms, this means the optics are cheaper. The common multi-mode SFPs work in 850nm wavelength and are only used for short distance transmission, reaching 100 m and 500 m. Their color coded bale clasp and color arrow on label are black and the used fiber optic patch cord is usually orange. 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LX4, and 10GBASE-LRM are all interface types of multi-mode SFPs. Among these multi-mode SFPs, 1000BASE-SX SFPs are one of the most-commonly used type. Take Cisco 1000BASE-SX SFPs for example, Fiberstore compatible GLC-SX-MMD Cisco is designed to operate over multi-mode fiber cables.

When you use whether single-mode SFPs or multi-mode SFPs, you should keep these in mind:

• Ensure that SFPs in both ends of the fiber patch cord are of the same wavelength and consistent in color coding.

• Avoid extreme bends of fiber optic cables as this will increase the attenuation of transmitted light.

• If you don’t use the SFP, you must use the dust plug to protect the optical port.

• To ensure the data accuracy, short-wave SFP modules are used with multi-mode fibers (ie. orange fiber patch cord), while long-wave SFP modules with single-mode fiber (ie. yellow fiber patch cord).

When you choose SFP transceivers, transmission distance, fiber types and cost come into first during your decision, since these factors help to choose the right SFP transceivers more efficiently. Fiberstore supplies various kinds of these fiber optic transceivers available in both single-mode and multi-mode, including the above-mentioned 1000BASE-SX SFP (GLC-SX-MM-RGD), 1000BASE-LX SFP, 10GBASE-SR SFP, and so on. Additionally, CWDM and DWDM SFPs can also be found in Fiberstore. In a word, here, you can find your suitable SFP transceiver type for your network transmission.

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