Nowadays, more and more high-performance Ethernet technologies and products have been developed to provide gigabit-per-second transmission rates, including the 1000BASE-T standard and 1000BASE-T products deployed in copper cabling.

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The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. It comes in optical and copper versions, which can be intermixed in combination of IEEE 802.3z standard compliant with such 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LX/LH interfaces on a port-by-port basis. These 1000BASE SFPs play a really important role in Gigabit Ethernet applications.

Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. There are five physical layer standards for Gigabit Ethernet using optical fiber (1000BASE-X), twisted pair cable (1000BASE-T), or shielded balanced copper cable (1000BASE-CX). The following passages will mainly describe three types of 1000BASE optical SFPs used in Gigabit Ethernet transmission: 1000BASE-SX SFP, 1000BASE-LX SFP and 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP.

1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver is compatible with the IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-SX standard for operating over multi-mode fiber by using a 770 to 860 nanometer, near infrared (NIR) light wavelength. It only supports multi-mode fibers with link lengths ranging from 220 meters to 550 meters dependent on fiber diameter and bandwidth. A specific application in Gigabit Ethernet transmission is SFP-1G85-5M GLC-SX-MM 1000BASE-SX 850nm 550m SFP transceiver. It features with high performance and offers the same function with Cisco GLC-SX-MM and it is fully compatible with Cisco SFP devices. A figure about this product is below.

1000BASE-LX is a fiber optic Gigabit Ethernet standard specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 38 by using a long wavelength laser (1,270–1,355 nm). Operation on both single-mode and multi-mode fibers is possible. It is specified to work over a distance of up to 5 kilometers over single-mode fibers and 550 meters over multi-mode fibers. Certainly, this 1000BASE-LX SFP can also provide high performance with an appropriate price.

The 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP, compatible with the IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-LX standard, operates on standard single-mode fiber-optic and multi-mode fibers, with the link lengths up to 10 km on the former and 55o m on the latter. While talking about 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver, this NEW Cisco GLC-LH-SMD Compatible 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP 1310nm 10km EXT DDM Transceiver Module is more welcomed by consumers for Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel Switch Infrastructure. Using this product, consumers can enjoy the same functions supplied by Cisco GLC-LH-SMD. The following picture is a 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver module.

Generally speaking, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, and 1000BASE-LX/LH SFPs are all suitable optical modules for Gigabit Ethernet transmission. Their specific applications are decided by fiber types and transmission distance. In Fiberstore, a series of above-mentioned 1000BASE optical SFPs can be found, including Cisco GLC-SX-MMD modules. Of course, other 1000BASE SFPs are also supplied in Fiberstore, like 1000BASE-T SFPs. You can visit Fiberstore to know more about 1000BASE SFP transceivers.

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Owing to explosive growth and deployment of fiber optic technology in recent years, fiber optic patch cables have replaced copper wires in many applications for reliable high-speed data transmission with great bandwidth. A fiber optic patch cable, often called fiber optic patch cord or fiber jumper cable, is a fiber optic cable made of glass and capped at either end with connectors that allow it to be rapidly and conveniently connected to CATV, an optical switch or other telecommunication equipment.

Fiber optic patch cables are often utilized in communication rooms, FTTH (Fiber to The Home), LAN (Local Area Network), data processing networks, premise installations, etc. They can be classified into different types according to cable transmission mode, connector construction, cable structure as well as cables size.

Based on this standard, fiber optic patch cables can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF) patch cables and multi-mode fiber (MMF) patch cables. The former is generally in yellow typically with a core of 8 to 10 microns, suitable for transmitting data over long distances. In addition, they are often used for network connections and scientific researches in large areas. As for the latter, their jacket colors are usually in orange with a core of 50–100 micrometers, ideal for transmitting data and voice signals over short distances in such applications as alarm systems. The following images are SMF patch cable (left) and MMF patch cable (right).

As far as this standard is concerned, FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, MU, SMA, FDDI, E2000, DIN4, and D4 types are all available, among which ST and LC connectors are often used in cable configurations, such as ST-LC fiber jumper. ST stands for "straight tip”. This kind of connector was developed by AT&T, widely used in LAN (Local Area Network). LC is a popular small form factor (SFF) connector developed by Lucent. All these connectors feature with low insertion loss, high return loss, interchange, easy installation, as well as excellent environmental adaptability.

As for cable structure, fiber optic patch cables mainly fall on two kinds, simplex and duplex patch cables. A simplex patch cable has one optical fiber with one connector on each end, while a duplex patch cable has two optical fibers with two connectors on each end. The images below are simplex patch cable (left) and duplex patch cable (right).

Ordinary cables measure 125 µm in diameter (a strand of human hair is about 100 µm). The inner diameter measures 9 µm for single-mode cables, and 50 / 62.5 µm for multi-mode cables.

Fiber optic patch cables play a really important part in telecommunications for making transmission faster and more accurate. All those above-mentioned fiber types can be found in Fiberstore. Besides, armored patch cables and other special patch cables are also available in Fiberstore. For more information about fiber optic patch cables, please visit Fiberstore.

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The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact, compatible and hot-swappable transceiver module, which is widely utilized in telecommunications and data communications. There are a lot of SFP transceivers available for short or long distance transmission. They are designed to transmit data at different Ethernet transmission rate, such as 10G, 40G and 100G. This article mainly describes 10BASE SFPs for Gigabit Ethernet transmission..

10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. Over the years, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group has published several standards relating to 10GbE. These included: 802.3ae-2002 (fiber -SR, -LR, -ER and -LX4 PMDs), 802.3ak-2004 (-CX4 copper twin-ax InfiniBand type cable), 802.3an-2006 (10GBASE-T copper twisted pair), 802.3ap-2007 (copper backplane -KR and -KX4 PMDs) and 802.3aq-2006 (fiber -LRM PMD with enhanced equalization). The 802.3ae-2002 and 802.3ak-2004 amendments were consolidated into the IEEE 802.3-2005 standard. IEEE 802.3-2005 and the other amendments were consolidated into IEEE Std 802.3-2008. There are many specifications under those above-mentioned standards related to 10GbE displayed by the following table.

The following passages aim at introducing three specifications of 10G SFPs: 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-LRM.

10GBASE-SR (short range) is a port type for multi-mode fibers and uses 850nm lasers. Its Physical Coding Sublayer 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s. The Cisco SFP-10G-SR supports a link length of 26 m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multi-mode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths is possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths is possible. The following picture is a 10G-SFP-SR.

10GBASE-LR (long reach) is a port type for single-mode fibers and uses 1310nm lasers. Its Physical Coding Sublayer 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its Physical Medium Dependent PMD in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s. The Cisco 10GBASE-LR module supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

10GBASE-LRM (long reach multi-mode) originally specified in IEEE 802.3aq is a port type for multi-mode fibers and uses 1310nm lasers. Its Physical Coding Sublayer 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its Physical Medium Dependent PMD in Clause 68. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s.

In a word, 10BASE-SR, 10BASE-LR, 10BASE-LRM are all suitable optical modules for Gigabit Ethernet. Fiber types and transmission distance decide which kind or kinds of 10G SFPs are used. Fiberstore offers various compatible SFPs for transmission. 10G-SFP-SR, 10G-SFP-LR, 10G-SFP-LRM, 10G-SFP-ER, 10G-SFP-ZR are all available in Fiberstore, whose SFP-10G-SR list price is competitive. It is really cost-effective to buy SFP-10G-SR in Fiberstore. For more information about 10G SFPs, please visit Fiberstore.

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